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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "MIME::Type 3"
.TH MIME::Type 3 "2021-10-27" "perl v5.26.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
MIME::Type \- description of one MIME type
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 5
\& use MIME::Types;
\& my $mimetypes = MIME::Types\->new;
\& my MIME::Type $plaintext = $mimetypes\->type(\*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq);
\& print $plaintext\->mediaType;   # text
\& print $plaintext\->subType;     # plain
\&
\& my @ext = $plaintext\->extensions;
\& print "@ext"                   # txt asc c cc h hh cpp
\&
\& print $plaintext\->encoding     # 8bit
\& if($plaintext\->isBinary)       # false
\& if($plaintext\->isAscii)        # true
\& if($plaintext\->equals(\*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq) {...}
\& if($plaintext eq \*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq) # same
\&
\& print MIME::Type\->simplified(\*(Aqx\-appl/x\-zip\*(Aq) #  \*(Aqappl/zip\*(Aq
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\s-1MIME\s0 types are used in \s-1MIME\s0 entities, for instance as part of e\-mail
and \s-1HTTP\s0 traffic.  Sometimes real knowledge about a mime-type is need.
Objects of \f(CW\*(C`MIME::Type\*(C'\fR store the information on one such type.
.SH "OVERLOADED"
.IX Header "OVERLOADED"
.IP "overload: \fBstring comparison\fR" 4
.IX Item "overload: string comparison"
When a MIME::Type object is compared to either a string or another
MIME::Type, the \fBequals()\fR method is called.  Comparison is smart,
which means that it extends common string comparison with some
features which are defined in the related RFCs.
.IP "overload: \fBstringification\fR" 4
.IX Item "overload: stringification"
The stringification (use of the object in a place where a string
is required) will result in the type name, the same as \fBtype()\fR
returns.
.Sp
example: use of stringification
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& my $mime = MIME::Type\->new(\*(Aqtext/html\*(Aq);
\& print "$mime\en";   # explicit stringification
\& print $mime;       # implicit stringification
.Ve
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
.SS "Initiation"
.IX Subsection "Initiation"
.IP "MIME::Type\->\fBnew\fR(%options)" 4
.IX Item "MIME::Type->new(%options)"
Create (\fIinstantiate\fR) a new MIME::Type object which manages one
mime type.
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& \-Option    \-\-Default
\&  encoding    <depends on type>
\&  extensions  []
\&  simplified  <derived from type>
\&  system      undef
\&  type        <required>
.Ve
.RS 4
.IP "encoding => '7bit'|'8bit'|'base64'|'quoted\-printable'" 2
.IX Item "encoding => '7bit'|'8bit'|'base64'|'quoted-printable'"
How must this data be encoded to be transported safely.  The default
depends on the type: mimes with as main type \f(CW\*(C`text/\*(C'\fR will default
to \f(CW\*(C`quoted\-printable\*(C'\fR and all other to \f(CW\*(C`base64\*(C'\fR.
.IP "extensions => REF-ARRAY" 2
.IX Item "extensions => REF-ARRAY"
An array of extensions which are using this mime.
.IP "simplified => \s-1STRING\s0" 2
.IX Item "simplified => STRING"
The mime types main\- and sub-label can both start with \f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR, to indicate
that is a non-registered name.  Of course, after registration this flag
can disappear which adds to the confusion.  The simplified string has the
\&\f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR thingies removed and are translated to lower-case.
.IP "system => \s-1REGEX\s0" 2
.IX Item "system => REGEX"
Regular expression which defines for which systems this rule is valid.  The
\&\s-1REGEX\s0 is matched on \f(CW$^O\fR.
.IP "type => \s-1STRING\s0" 2
.IX Item "type => STRING"
The type which is defined here.  It consists of a \fItype\fR and a \fIsub-type\fR,
both case-insensitive.  This module will return lower-case, but accept
upper-case.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.SS "Attributes"
.IX Subsection "Attributes"
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBencoding\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBencoding\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->encoding()"
Returns the type of encoding which is required to transport data of this
type safely.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBextensions\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBextensions\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->extensions()"
Returns a list of extensions which are known to be used for this
mime type.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBsimplified\fR( [$string] )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBsimplified\fR( [$string] )" 4
.IX Item "$obj->simplified( [$string] )"
.PD 0
.IP "MIME::Type\->\fBsimplified\fR( [$string] )" 4
.IX Item "MIME::Type->simplified( [$string] )"
.PD
Returns the simplified mime type for this object or the specified \s-1STRING.\s0
Mime type names can get officially registered.  Until then, they have to
carry an \f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR preamble to indicate that.  Of course, after recognition,
the \f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR can disappear.  In many cases, we prefer the simplified version
of the type.
.Sp
example: results of \fBsimplified()\fR
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& my $mime = MIME::Type\->new(type => \*(Aqx\-appl/x\-zip\*(Aq);
\& print $mime\->simplified;                     # \*(Aqappl/zip\*(Aq
\&
\& print $mime\->simplified(\*(Aqtext/PLAIN\*(Aq);       # \*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq
\& print MIME::Type\->simplified(\*(Aqx\-xyz/x\-abc\*(Aq); # \*(Aqxyz/abc\*(Aq
.Ve
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBsystem\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBsystem\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->system()"
Returns the regular expression which can be used to determine whether this
type is active on the system where you are working on.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBtype\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBtype\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->type()"
Returns the long type of this object, for instance \f(CW\*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq\fR
.SS "Knowledge"
.IX Subsection "Knowledge"
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBequals\fR($string|$mime)" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBequals\fR($string|$mime)" 4
.IX Item "$obj->equals($string|$mime)"
Compare this mime-type object with a \s-1STRING\s0 or other object.  In case of
a \s-1STRING,\s0 simplification will take place.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisAscii\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisAscii\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isAscii()"
Old name for \fBisText()\fR.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisBinary\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisBinary\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isBinary()"
Returns true when the type is not known to be text.  See \fBisText()\fR.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisExperimental\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisExperimental\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isExperimental()"
[2.00] Return \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR when the type is defined for experimental
use; the subtype starts with \f(CW\*(C`x.\*(C'\fR
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisPersonal\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisPersonal\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isPersonal()"
[2.00] Return \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR when the type is defined by a person for
private use; the subtype starts with \f(CW\*(C`prs.\*(C'\fR
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisRegistered\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisRegistered\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isRegistered()"
Mime-types which are not registered by \s-1IANA\s0 nor defined in RFCs shall
start with an \f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR.  This counts for as well the media-type as the
sub-type.  In case either one of the types starts with \f(CW\*(C`x\-\*(C'\fR this
method will return false.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisSignature\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisSignature\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isSignature()"
Returns true when the type is in the list of known signatures.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisText\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisText\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isText()"
[2.05] All types which may have the charset attribute, are text.  However,
there is currently no record of attributes in this module... so we guess.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBisVendor\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBisVendor\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->isVendor()"
[2.00] Return \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR when the type is defined by a vendor; the subtype
starts with \f(CW\*(C`vnd.\*(C'\fR
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBmediaType\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBmediaType\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->mediaType()"
The media type of the simplified mime.
For \f(CW\*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq\fR it will return \f(CW\*(Aqtext\*(Aq\fR.
.Sp
For historical reasons, the \f(CW\*(AqmainType\*(Aq\fR method still can be used
to retrieve the same value.  However, that method is deprecated.
.ie n .IP "$obj\->\fBsubType\fR()" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$obj\fR\->\fBsubType\fR()" 4
.IX Item "$obj->subType()"
The sub type of the simplified mime.
For \f(CW\*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq\fR it will return \f(CW\*(Aqplain\*(Aq\fR.
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS"
.IP "Error: Type parameter is obligatory." 4
.IX Item "Error: Type parameter is obligatory."
When a MIME::Type object is created, the type itself must be
specified with the \f(CW\*(C`type\*(C'\fR option flag.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
This module is part of MIME-Types distribution version 2.22,
built on October 27, 2021. Website: \fIhttp://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/\fR
.SH "LICENSE"
.IX Header "LICENSE"
Copyrights 1999\-2021 by [Mark Overmeer <markov@cpan.org>]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.
.PP
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
See \fIhttp://dev.perl.org/licenses/\fR